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Backend Roadmap !

Complete Backend Development Roadmap

Introduction​

Backend development involves working on the server-side of applications and consists of two main components:

  1. Programming Language
  2. Database

We will break down these components and understand how each piece contributes to backend development. We’ll also cover essential frameworks, tools, and coding practices.

1. Programming Language​

Backend development requires a programming language to define the application’s logic and handle the requests and responses from the server.

Common Backend Programming Languages:​

  • Java
  • Python
  • JavaScript (Node.js)
  • Go (Golang)
  • PHP

Frameworks for Backend Development:​

  • Java:

    • Frameworks: Spring Boot, Hibernate, JPA
    • ORM: Hibernate

  • Python:

    • Frameworks: Django, Flask
    • ORM: SQLAlchemy

  • JavaScript (Node.js):

    • Frameworks: Express.js, Koa.js, NestJS
    • ORM/ODM: Sequelize (for SQL), Mongoose (for MongoDB)

  • Go (Golang):

    • Frameworks: Gin, Echo
    • ORM: GORM

  • PHP:

    • Frameworks: Laravel, Symfony
    • ORM: Eloquent (Laravel)

ORM & ODM​

  • ORM (Object-Relational Mapping): Used for relational databases, ORM helps map database tables to objects in the programming language.
    • Example: Sequelize (Node.js), Hibernate (Java)
  • ODM (Object-Document Mapping): Used for NoSQL databases like MongoDB. It allows the use of JavaScript objects to interact with documents instead of raw queries.
    • Example: Mongoose (Node.js for MongoDB)

2. Database​

The backend application relies heavily on databases to store, retrieve, and manipulate data. Databases are broadly categorized into:

  • Relational Databases (SQL):

    • MySQL
    • PostgreSQL
    • SQLite

  • Non-Relational Databases (NoSQL):

    • MongoDB
    • Cassandra
    • Redis

Example of Database Setup with Node.js and MongoDB (Using Mongoose)​

Example Directory Structure:

/my-backend-app​

├── /node_modules
├── /models
│ └── user.js
├── /controllers
│ └── userController.js
├── /routes
│ └── userRoutes.js
├── /config
│ └── db.js
├── .env
├── package.json
└── server.js